/* Self-hosted Google Fonts. Licenses are in static/fonts/. */
/* latin-ext */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(../fonts/dm-sans-latin-ext.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C4, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;
}
/* latin */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url(../fonts/dm-sans-latin.woff2) format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --bg: #f8f8f5;
  --text: #242523;
  --muted: #656862;
  --subtle: #6a6f64;
  --line: #dcded7;
  --soft: #eeefea;
  --accent: #445e80;
  --selection: #dce4ed;
  --sans: "DM Sans", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN", "Yu Gothic", sans-serif;
  --mono: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
}
[data-theme="dark"] {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --bg: #1b1d1c;
  --text: #efefea;
  --muted: #aaaDA5;
  --subtle: #969b91;
  --line: #393d37;
  --soft: #262925;
  --accent: #afc1dc;
  --selection: #3b4e63;
}
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { background: var(--bg); color: var(--text); scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 2rem; }
body { margin: 0; font-family: var(--sans); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
::selection { background: var(--selection); color: var(--text); }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: .22em; }
a, button { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 6px; border-radius: 2px; }
button { font: inherit; }
button, a { touch-action: manipulation; }
svg { display: block; }
.site-shell { width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 112px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.skip-link { position: absolute; inset-block-start: 1rem; inset-inline-start: 1rem; padding: .75rem 1rem; background: var(--text); color: var(--bg); transform: translateY(-200%); z-index: 10; }
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }
.site-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; padding-block: 38px 29px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--text); }
.site-brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 19px; text-decoration: none; }
.brand-mark { font-size: 42px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -.09em; }
.brand-dot { color: var(--accent); }
.brand-name { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.primary-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 30px; }
.primary-nav a { font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; color: var(--muted); padding-block: 9px; }
.primary-nav a[aria-current], .primary-nav a:hover { color: var(--text); }
.primary-nav a[aria-current="page"] { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 9px; }
.language-bar { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding-block: 17px; }
.page-lang-switch { display: flex; gap: 19px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.lang-link, .lang-current { font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.7; text-decoration: none; }
.lang-link { color: var(--muted); }
.lang-current { color: var(--text); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--text); }
.lang-link[lang="fa"], .lang-current[lang="fa"] { font-family: "Vazirmatn", sans-serif; }
.language-note { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--muted); }
main { min-height: 46vh; }
main:focus { outline: none; }
.home-intro { padding-block: 82px 86px; }
.eyebrow { display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: center; margin: 0 0 26px; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.7; letter-spacing: .065em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
h1,h2,h3,p { margin-block-start: 0; }
.home-intro h1 { margin-block-end: 27px; max-width: 100%; font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 6.1vw, 5.7rem); line-height: 1.04; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.065em; }
.intro-copy { max-width: 450px; margin-block-end: 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: -.012em; color: var(--muted); }
.section-heading { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; align-items: baseline; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--text); padding-block-end: 17px; }
.section-heading h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none; }
.text-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.text-link span { font-size: 17px; }
.post-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0,1fr) 46px; gap: 18px; padding-block: 30px 29px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); position: relative; }
.post-index { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; line-height: 2.6; color: var(--subtle); padding-block-start: 3px; }
.post-title { font-size: 29px; letter-spacing: -.04em; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 500; margin-block-end: 9px; }
.post-title a { text-decoration: none; }
.post-excerpt { font-size: 14px; max-width: 620px; margin-block-end: 16px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.75; }
.post-meta { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.8; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.entry-arrow { display: grid; place-items: center; align-self: start; width: 42px; height: 42px; margin-top: 1px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%; text-decoration: none; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 400; transition: background .16s, border-color .16s; }
.entry-arrow:hover { background: var(--soft); border-color: var(--muted); }
.site-footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: start; gap: 2rem; margin-block-start: 100px; padding-block: 27px 35px; border-top: 1px solid var(--text); }
.footer-author { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 14px; }
.footer-credit p { font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); margin: 7px 0 0; }
.footer-utility { display: flex; gap: 30px; align-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; }
.copyright { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; white-space: nowrap; padding-block: 8px; }
.theme-toggle { background: none; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 30px; color: var(--text); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 9px 13px; font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
.theme-toggle:hover { border-color: var(--muted); background: var(--soft); }
.theme-toggle svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; }
.page-heading { padding-block: 73px 54px; max-width: 690px; }
.page-heading h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem,5vw,4.5rem); font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.06em; line-height: 1.1; margin-block-end: 20px; }
.page-heading > p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; color: var(--muted); max-width: 440px; margin: 0; }
.page-heading .eyebrow { margin-block-end: 20px; }
.is-list .post-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--text); }
.empty-state { padding-block: 42px; }
.empty-state p:first-child { color: var(--text); font-size: 22px; letter-spacing: -.025em; margin-block-end: 10px; }
.empty-state p { max-width: 440px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.topic-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-list > a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-block: 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-decoration: none; font-size: 23px; letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.topic-list > a span { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.reading-layout { width: min(100%, 700px); margin-inline: auto; }
.article-heading { padding-block: 54px 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); margin-block-end: 38px; }
.back-link { display: inline-flex; gap: 12px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; margin-block-end: 64px; }
.article-heading h1 { font-size: clamp(3rem,6vw,5.2rem); line-height: 1.08; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.06em; margin: 20px 0 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.article-description { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); margin: 22px 0 0; }
.prose { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.95; letter-spacing: -.015em; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.prose p { margin-block-end: 1.65em; }
.prose h2 { font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -.035em; margin-block: 2em .7em; }
.prose h3 { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 500; margin-block: 1.7em .6em; }
.prose a { color: var(--accent); }
.prose img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 2rem auto; }
.prose blockquote { border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--accent); margin: 2rem 0; padding-inline: 24px 0; color: var(--muted); }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-inline-start: 1.4em; }
.prose li + li { margin-block-start: .5em; }
.prose pre { background: var(--soft); border: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 1.2rem; overflow-x: auto; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; }
.prose code { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .8em; }
.prose :not(pre) > code { padding: .15em .35em; background: var(--soft); }
.prose hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-block: 3rem; }
.prose table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: .85em; display: block; overflow-x: auto; }
.prose th,.prose td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-align: start; padding: .7rem; }
.terms { margin-block: 30px; font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.terms-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.terms-list a { display: inline-block; padding: 5px 12px; background: var(--soft); border-radius: 20px; text-decoration: none; }
.article-pagination { margin-block-start: 55px; padding-block-start: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; }
.article-pagination a { text-decoration: none; max-width: 48%; }
.article-pagination span { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 10px; margin-block-end: 10px; }
.article-pagination strong { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.not-found { padding-block-end: 65px; }
.not-found .text-link { margin-block-start: 30px; }
[lang="fa"] body { font-family: "Vazirmatn", sans-serif; }
[lang="fa"] .home-intro h1 { font-size: clamp(2.6rem,5.5vw,5rem); letter-spacing: -.045em; line-height: 1.5; }
[lang="fa"] .eyebrow, [lang="fa"] .post-meta, [lang="fa"] .language-note { font-family: "Vazirmatn", sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; }
[lang="fa"] .post-title, [lang="fa"] .page-heading h1, [lang="fa"] .article-heading h1 { letter-spacing: -.035em; line-height: 1.6; }
[lang="fa"] .brand-mark, [lang="fa"] .footer-author { direction: ltr; }
[lang="fa"] .prose { line-height: 2.15; letter-spacing: 0; }
[dir="rtl"] .entry-arrow span, [dir="rtl"] .back-link span { transform: scaleX(-1); }
[lang="ja"] .home-intro h1 { font-size: clamp(2.6rem,5.5vw,5rem); line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: -.03em; }
[lang="ja"] .prose { line-height: 2.05; }
@media (min-width: 1400px) { .home-intro h1 { font-size: 88px; } }
@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .site-shell { width: calc(100% - 56px); }
  .site-header { padding-block: 28px 24px; }
  .primary-nav { gap: 22px; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 13px; }
  .home-intro { padding-block: 65px 70px; }
  .home-intro h1 { font-size: clamp(2.8rem,8vw,4.3rem); }
  .site-footer { margin-block-start: 75px; }
  .post-row { grid-template-columns: 30px minmax(0,1fr) 40px; gap: 12px; }
  .post-title { font-size: 26px; }
  .post-excerpt { max-width: 95%; }
  .footer-utility { gap: 17px; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .site-shell { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
  .site-header { padding-block: 25px 20px; gap: 15px; }
  .brand-mark { font-size: 36px; }
  .site-brand { gap: 11px; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 11px; }
  .primary-nav { gap: 15px; }
  .primary-nav a { font-size: 11px; }
  .language-note { display: none; }
  .page-lang-switch { gap: 18px; }
  .home-intro { padding-block: 53px 57px; }
  .eyebrow { font-size: 9px; margin-block-end: 24px; }
  .home-intro h1 { font-size: clamp(2.5rem,10.5vw,3.2rem); line-height: 1.1; margin-block-end: 23px; }
  .intro-copy { font-size: 14px; max-width: 320px; }
  .section-heading h2, .text-link { font-size: 11px; }
  .post-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 36px; padding-block: 26px; gap: 12px; }
  .post-index { display: none; }
  .post-title { font-size: 27px; }
  .post-excerpt { font-size: 13px; }
  .post-meta { font-size: 9px; gap: 9px; }
  .entry-arrow { height: 36px; width: 36px; font-size: 20px; }
  .site-footer { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 26px; margin-block-start: 65px; padding-block: 24px; }
  .footer-utility { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
  .page-heading { padding-block: 48px 38px; }
  .page-heading > p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: 14px; }
  .article-heading { padding-block-start: 32px; }
  .back-link { margin-block-end: 42px; }
  .article-heading h1 { font-size: 48px; }
  .prose { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.9; }
  .prose h2 { font-size: 25px; }
  [lang="ja"] .brand-name { font-size: 10px; }
  [lang="fa"] .home-intro h1, [lang="ja"] .home-intro h1 { font-size: 38px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } *,*::before,*::after { transition: none !important; } }
@media print { :root,[data-theme="dark"] { --bg: white; --text: black; --muted: #444; --line: #ccc; --accent: black; } .primary-nav,.language-bar,.theme-toggle,.back-link,.article-pagination,.skip-link { display: none; } .site-shell { width: 100%; } .site-header { padding-top: 0; } .site-footer { margin-top: 30px; } .prose { font-size: 12pt; } }

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .primary-nav a { min-height: 44px; min-width: 38px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
  .page-lang-switch a, .page-lang-switch span { min-height: 32px; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
  .entry-arrow { width: 44px; height: 44px; }
  .post-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 44px; }
  .theme-toggle { min-height: 44px; }
}
@media (max-width: 350px) { .brand-name { display: none; } }

.primary-nav { flex-wrap: wrap; }
.publication-index { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px 24px; margin-block: 0 48px; font-size: 13px; }
.publication-group { padding-block: 32px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-group h2 { font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -.025em; scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.publication-records { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.publication-records li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 60px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; padding-block: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-records li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.publication-year { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.publication-records h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 500; }
.publication-authors, .publication-venue { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); margin-block: 6px; }
.publication-links { font-size: 14px; margin-block: 12px 0; }
.publication-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.7; max-width: 760px; }
.publication-abstract { margin-block-start: 16px; max-width: 760px; }
.publication-abstract summary { cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; width: fit-content; min-height: 44px; padding-block: 10px; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.publication-abstract summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 4px; }
.publication-abstract > div { border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--line); padding-inline-start: 20px; }
.publication-abstract p { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; margin-block: 0 16px; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .site-header { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .primary-nav { gap: 15px; }
  .publication-records li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .publication-records h3 { font-size: 20px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
}

.download-link { margin-inline-start: 8px; }
.site-header { flex-wrap: wrap; }

.monogram-logo { width: 42px; height: 42px; color: var(--text); flex-shrink: 0; }